1. Elements of Design: Graphic designers work with various elements, including lines, shapes, colors, textures, and images, to create visually pleasing compositions.

2. Typography: Choosing the right fonts and arranging text in a visually appealing way is crucial in graphic design. Typography helps convey the tone and message of the design.

3. Layout and Composition: The arrangement of elements on a page or screen is essential for creating a balanced and harmonious design.

4. Branding and Identity: Graphic designers often work on creating brand logos, business cards, stationery, and other materials that establish a consistent visual identity for a company or organization.

5. Advertising and Marketing: Designers play a significant role in creating promotional materials such as posters, banners, brochures, and social media graphics to effectively communicate marketing messages.

6. Web Design: Graphic designers are involved in creating visually engaging and user-friendly interfaces for websites and web applications.

7. Packaging Design: Designers create attractive packaging for products to grab consumers' attention and convey essential information.